Malignant melanoma - Yakaipa Melanoma
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Mune 2022 Stiftung Warentest mhedzisiro kubva kuGermany, kugutsikana kwevatengi neModelDerm kwakangodzikira zvishoma pane nekubhadharwa kwe telemedicine kubvunzana.
Mune 2022 Stiftung Warentest mhedzisiro kubva kuGermany, kugutsikana kwevatengi neModelDerm kwakangodzikira zvishoma pane nekubhadharwa kwe telemedicine kubvunzana.
Melanoma inosvika 2.5 cm (1 inch) ne 1.5 cm (0.6 inch).
Kunyangwe nyaya iyi yakaonekwa se melanoma, kuonekwa kwayo kwakafanana ne hematoma yechipikiri. Chipikiri hematoma (benign) kazhinji inonyangarika mukati memwedzi mumwe kusvika miviri kana yabviswa. Saka, kana chironda chikaramba chiripo kwenguva yakareba, melanoma inogona kufungidzirwa uye biopsy inofanira kuitwa.
relevance score : -100.0%
ReferencesMelanoma imhando yebundu rinoumbwa kana melanocyte ikava yakaipa. Melanocytes anobva kuNeural crest. Izvi zvinoreva kuti melanomas inogona kukura kwete paganda chete, asiwo mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzine masero anobva kuNeural crest, sekunge gastrointestinal tract uye uropi. Varwere vane nhanho 0 ye melanoma vane mukana wekupona we97 % kwemakore mashanu, nepo avo vane danho IV vane mukana we10 % chete.
A melanoma is a tumor produced by the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Melanocytes are derived from the neural crest; consequently, melanomas, although they usually occur on the skin, can arise in other locations where neural crest cells migrate, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain. The five-year relative survival rate for patients with stage 0 melanoma is 97%, compared with about 10% for those with stage IV disease.
A melanoma is a tumor produced by the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Melanocytes are derived from the neural crest; consequently, melanomas, although they usually occur on the skin, can arise in other locations where neural crest cells migrate, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain. The five-year relative survival rate for patients with stage 0 melanoma is 97%, compared with about 10% for those with stage IV disease.
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) imhando ine njodzi yebundu reganda, inokonzera makumi mapfumbamwe muzana ekufa kwegomarara reganda. Kuti zvigadzirise izvi, nyanzvi kubva kuEuropean Dermatology Forum (EDF), European Association of Dermato‑Oncology (EADO), uye European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) dzakashanda.
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a highly dangerous type of skin tumor, responsible for 90% of skin cancer deaths. To address this, experts from the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) had collaborated.
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a highly dangerous type of skin tumor, responsible for 90% of skin cancer deaths. To address this, experts from the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) had collaborated.
Melanoma, rudzi rwegomarara reganda, rakatanhamara nokuda kweukama hwayo hwepedyo ne gadziriro yemuviri inodzivirira zvirwere. Izvi zvinoonekwa kubva mukuwedzera kwayo muvanhu vane immune system isina simba, kuvepo kwemasero ekudzivirira mumamota ekutanga, uye kupararira kwawo kunzvimbo dzemuviri, pamwe chete nechokwadi chekuti immune system inogona kuziva mamwe mapuroteni anowanikwa mumaseru e‑melanoma. Zvakakosha, marapirwo anokurudzira immune system akaratidza vimbiso mukurwisa melanoma. Nepo kushandiswa kwemishonga inotsigira immune mukurapa melanoma kwave kuchikura munguva ichangoburwa, tsvakiridzo ichangoburwa inoratidza kuti kubatanidza marapirwo aya ne‑chemotherapy, radiotherapy, kana marapirwo anonangwa nemamolecular kunogona kuvandudza mhedzisiro. Nekudaro, immunotherapy yakadaro inogona kukonzeresa mhedzisiro yakawanda inobata masero akasiyana‑siyana, izvo zvinogona kudzikamisa kushandiswa kwayo. Tichitarisa kumberi, nzira dzeramangwana dzekurapa melanoma dzepamusoro dzinogona kusanganisira marapirwo anonangana nePD1, kana mishonga inobata nzira dzeBRAF neMEK.
Melanoma is one of the most immunologic malignancies based on its higher prevalence in immune-compromised patients, the evidence of brisk lymphocytic infiltrates in both primary tumors and metastases, the documented recognition of melanoma antigens by tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and, most important, evidence that melanoma responds to immunotherapy. The use of immunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma is a relatively late discovery for this malignancy. Recent studies have shown a significantly higher success rate with combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted molecular therapy. Immunotherapy is associated to a panel of dysimmune toxicities called immune-related adverse events that can affect one or more organs and may limit its use. Future directions in the treatment of metastatic melanoma include immunotherapy with anti-PD1 antibodies or targeted therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors.
Melanoma is one of the most immunologic malignancies based on its higher prevalence in immune-compromised patients, the evidence of brisk lymphocytic infiltrates in both primary tumors and metastases, the documented recognition of melanoma antigens by tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and, most important, evidence that melanoma responds to immunotherapy. The use of immunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma is a relatively late discovery for this malignancy. Recent studies have shown a significantly higher success rate with combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted molecular therapy. Immunotherapy is associated to a panel of dysimmune toxicities called immune-related adverse events that can affect one or more organs and may limit its use. Future directions in the treatment of metastatic melanoma include immunotherapy with anti-PD1 antibodies or targeted therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors.
Chikonzero chikuru che melanoma i ultraviolet light exposure kune avo vane mazinga akaderera eganda pigment melanin (vachena). Chiedza che UV chinogona kubva kuzuva kana midziyo yekupisa. Avo vane nevus akawanda, nhoroondo ye melanoma yemhuri, uye kusashanda zvakanaka kwekudzivirirwa kwezvirwere mumuviri vari panjodzi huru ye melanoma.
Kushandisa sunscreen uye kudzivirira UV mwenje kunogona kudzivirira melanoma. Kurapa kunowanzoitwa nekuvhiyiwa. Mune avo vane kenza yakakura, lymph nodes dziri pedyo dzinogona kuongororwa kuti dziratidze kupararira (metastasis). Vanhu vazhinji vanorapwa vasati vave ne metastasis. Kune avo vane melanoma yakapararira, immunotherapy, biologic therapy, radiation therapy, kana chemotherapy inogona kuvandudza kupona. Nekurapwa, makore mashanu ekupona muUnited States ari 99% pakati peavo vane chirwere chenzvimbo, 65% kana chirwere ichi chapararira kune lymph nodes, uye 25% pakati peavo vane kupararira kure.
Melanoma imhando ine njodzi zvikuru yegomarara reganda. Australia neNew Zealand dzine mwero wepamusoro we melanoma pasi rose. Mwero wakakwirira we melanoma unowanikwa zvakare muNorthern Europe neNorth America. Melanoma inowanikwa zvishoma muAsia, Africa, uye Latin America. MuUnited States, melanoma inoitika kanenge 1.6 kakawanda muvarume kupfuura vakadzi.
○ Zviratidzo uye zviratidzo
Zviratidzo zvekutanga zve melanoma zvinowanikwa pakuchinja kwechimiro kana ruvara rwe nevi iripo. Panyaya ye nodular melanoma, ndiko kutaridzika kwebundu idzva paganda. Pamatanho ekupedzisira e melanoma, nevi inogona kukwenya, ronda, kana kubuda ropa.
[A‑Asymmetry] Asymmetry yechimiro
[B‑Borders] Mipendero isina kurongeka (ine makona asina kujeka)
[C‑Color] Ruvara (variegated uye irregular)
[D‑Diameter] Diameter (yakakura kupfuura 6 mm = 0.24 inch ≈ saizi yepenzura eraser)
[E‑Evolving] Shanduko nekufamba kwenguva
cf) Seborrheic keratosis inogona kusangana nezvimwe kana zvese zveABCD maitiro, uye inogona kutungamirira kumaalarm enhema.
Metastasis yekutanga melanoma inogoneka, asi isingawanzo; isingasviki chikamu chimwe chete muzvishanu chemelanomas akaonekwa achangotanga kuita metastatic. Brain metastases inowanzoitika kune varwere vane metastatic melanoma. Metastatic melanoma inogonawo kupararira kuchiropa, mapfupa, dumbu, kana kure kure lymph nodes.
○ Chirwere
Kutarisa nzvimbo iri kutaurwa ndiyo nzira yakajairika yekufungira melanoma. Nevus isina kurongeka muruvara kana chimiro inowanzobatwa sevanomirira melanoma.
Vanachiremba vanowanzoongorora ma‑moles ese, kusanganisira asingasviki 6 mm muhupamhi. Kana yakashandiswa nenyanzvi dzakadzidziswa, dermoscopy inobatsira zvikuru kuziva maronda akaipa pane kushandisa ziso chete. Kuongororwa kunoitwa ne‑biopsy yechero chironda cheganda chine zviratidzo zvekugona kuita gomarara.
○ Kurapa
#Mohs surgery
Chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira immunotherapy, kunyanya kana uine nhanho 3 kana nhanho 4 melanoma isingabviswe nekuvhiyiwa.
#Ipilimumab [Yervoy]
#Pembrolizumab [Keytruda]
#Nivolumab [Opdivo]